PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.